Evaluación de la composición nutricional y fitoquímica de macroalgas marinas asociadas al ecosistema de manglar del Pacífico colombiano

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21829/abm132.2025.2412

Palabras clave:

Compuestos bioactivos, extractos, GC-MS, macroalgas marinas, nutrientes esenciales

Resumen

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las algas marinas son de gran interés por sus compuestos bioactivos con aplicaciones biotecnológicas en industrias farmacéuticas, cosméticas, alimentarias y agronómicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición nutricional y fitoquímica de tres macroalgas asociadas a las raíces de Rhizophora mangle: Bostrychia calliptera, Catenella impudica y Rhizoclonium riparium.
Métodos: Las muestras se colectaron en el manglar de la Bahía de Buenaventura, en el Pacífico colombiano. La composición nutricional se evaluó mediante análisis de cenizas, proteínas, fibra cruda y minerales, según los protocolos de la AOAC. Los extractos se obtuvieron con acetona (99.5%). Se realizó un tamizaje preliminar de metabolitos secundarios y se utilizó la técnica GC-MS para identificar los compuestos.
Resultados clave: Entre las tres especies analizadas, se encontraron variaciones en el porcentaje de cenizas (16.9-31.5), fibra cruda (2.52-30.2), proteínas (14.6-25) y nitrógeno (2.3-4). Los minerales más representativos fueron el potasio (30,100-35,000 mg kg-1), azufre (29,400-70,600 mg kg-1), hierro (1880-9180 mg kg-1), sodio (7330-46,700 mg kg-1), magnesio (7960-16,600 mg kg-1), calcio (5510-6860 mg kg-1), fósforo (800-1270 mg kg-1) y manganeso (204-4730 mg kg-1). En los extractos de todas las especies se detectaron alcaloides, esteroles, terpenos, glucósidos cardiotónicos y saponinas. Mediante análisis GC-MS se identificaron 14 compuestos volátiles en los extractos de Bostrychia calliptera (ocho compuestos), Catenella impudica (2) y Rhizoclonium riparium (7). Los compuestos comunes en todas las especies fueron el eicosano, 2-metiloctacosano, 2-metileicosano y el 3-metileicosano.
Conclusiones: Las macroalgas estudiadas mostraron un alto contenido de nutrientes esenciales, como potasio, azufre, hierro y manganeso, sugiriendo su potencial como biofertilizantes o suplementos. Además, varios de los compuestos identificados han demostrado actividades biológicas relevantes para la farmacología y la cosmetología. Estos hallazgos destacan el potencial de las macroalgas y contribuyen al conocimiento para el aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos del manglar en el Pacífico colombiano.

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2025-03-31

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Peña Salamanca, E. J., Zuñiga Lara, A. C., Marquez Parra, Z. L., & López Parra, L. L. (2025). Evaluación de la composición nutricional y fitoquímica de macroalgas marinas asociadas al ecosistema de manglar del Pacífico colombiano. Acta Botanica Mexicana, (132). https://doi.org/10.21829/abm132.2025.2412
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