Núm. 130 (2023)
Fitoquímica

Compuestos bioactivos, propiedades antioxidantes y antibacterianas de pulpa, piel y arilo de la fruta de Clusia quadrangula (Clusiaceae)

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  • Beatriz Itzel Martínez-Mendoza,
  • Naida Juárez-Trujillo,
  • María Remedios Mendoza-López,
  • Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva,
  • José Antonio Guerrero-Analco,
  • Maribel Jiménez Fernández
Beatriz Itzel Martínez-Mendoza
Universidad Veracruzana, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos
Naida Juárez-Trujillo
Universidad Veracruzana, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos
María Remedios Mendoza-López
Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Química Aplicada
Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva
Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Clúster BioMimic®, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados
José Antonio Guerrero-Analco
Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Clúster BioMimic®, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados
Maribel Jiménez Fernández
Universidad Veracruzana, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21829/abm130.2023.2180

Publicado 2023-07-07

Palabras clave

  • ácidos grasos,
  • minerales,
  • polifenoles,
  • propiedades antimicrobianas
  • antimicrobial properties,
  • fatty acids,
  • minerals,
  • polyphenols
Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

Resumen

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La familia Clusiaceae es conocida por sus compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias beneficiosas. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) identificar y cuantificar compuestos polifenólicos individuales en el extracto metanólico de cáscara, pulpa y arilo del fruto de Clusia quadrangula por UPLC-MSMS, evaluar sus propiedades antioxidantes, 2) analizar el perfil de ácidos grasos, la composición mineral y 3) determinar la actividad antibacteriana contra bacterias patógenas del extracto metanólico.
Métodos: Las propiedades fisicoquímicas, antioxidantes y compuestos bioactivos, perfil de ácidos grasos y contenido de minerales fueron analizados utilizando un Espectrofotómetro de Microplaca, Cromatografía de Líquidos de Ultra Alta Resolución acoplado a un Espectrómetro de Masas triple cuadrupolo, Cromatografía de Gases acoplada a un Espectrómetro de Masas y Espectroscopia de Emisión Atómica de Plasma de Microondas.
Resultados clave: Se identificaron y cuantificaron 20 compuestos fenólicos más el precursor ácido shikímico (103.55 µg/g sólidos). Procianidina B2 (41.56 µg/g sólidos), (−)-epicatequina (34.07 µg/g sólidos) y ácido elágico (27.58 µg/g sólidos) se encontraron en mayor cantidad en el extracto metanólico de la pulpa. Los ácidos palmítico y linoleico fueron los ácidos grasos más abundantes en la pulpa, cáscara y arilo, y el ácido linolénico estuvo presente en la pulpa. La pulpa también exhibió la mayor cantidad de compuestos polifenólicos totales (24.33 mg GAE/g) y poder reductor evaluado por FRAP (18.697 mg ET/g). El análisis de los minerales reveló que todas las fracciones son ricas en magnesio, potasio, sodio y calcio. Los resultados mostraron que el extracto metanólico de las diferentes partes del fruto tenían propiedades antibacterianas contra Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, y Enterococcus faecalis.
Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que las diferentes partes del fruto de C. quadrangula son una rica fuente de antioxidantes naturales y poseen propiedades antibacterianas, por lo que se puede considerar para su uso como ingrediente o aditivo en la industria cosmética, farmacéutica o alimentaria.

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