Two new coprophilous species of Iodophanus (Pezizaceae, Ascomycota) from Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/abm133.2026.2497Keywords:
carotenes, fimicolous, Pezizales, Puebla, SonoraAbstract
Background and Aims: Iodophanus is a genus of coprophilous fungi characterized by forming apothecia of various colors that contain carotenoids. It has been observed in donkey, horse, hare, turkey, and cow manure, as well as in straw. Fifteen species are known, of which three are reported from Mexico. This study aims to propose two species of Iodophanus as new to science, based on their morphological and histochemical characters.
Methods: To induce the formation of ascomata, which were then characterized (apothecia, exciples, paraphyses, asci, and ascospores), using traditional mycological techniques, samples of cow and hare excreta, previously obtained from the tropical mountain cloud forest of Puebla and the Sonoran Desert, respectively, were placed in humid chambers. The humidity in the chambers was 70%, under abundant light, without exposure to sunlight. To demonstrate the presence of primary and secondary metabolites in fresh ascomata, various histochemical tests were performed, including bromophenol blue and Dragendorff reagent, among others.
Key results: Iodophanus angelensis and I. pinacatensis are described as new species. The former is characterized by forming white apothecia, 900-1800 μm diameter, asci of 360-400 × 35-45 μm, with ascospores of 27-31 × 17-20 μm in cow manure. The second produces orange apothecia, 500-1000 μm diameter, asci of 150-210 × 25-30 μm, with ascospores of (23)25-28 × 14-16 μm in hare droppings. Both species produce carotenes and diterpenoids in paraphyses. The peptides are formed only in the paraphyses of I. angelensis, while in I. pinacatensis in the ectal excipulum and immature asci.
Conclusions: The number of known Iodophanus species in Mexico increased to five, representing 29% of the total described worldwide. Due to its inconspicuous ascomata, which form during an ecological succession of fimicolous fungi, it could be more diverse. Its metabolites can be used in future biotechnological applications.
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